Wine grapes are primarily cultivated in specific growing regions located between the 30th and 50th degrees of latitude in both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, typically thriving in Mediterranean climates, though minor amounts are produced in some rather unexpected places. In 2021, global wine production reached an impressive 27 million tonnes, with the top 15 countries accounting for over 90% of this total. The five largest producers that year were, in order, Italy, France, Spain, the United States, and China. This highlights a highly concentrated yet geographically diverse industry, spanning traditional European vineyards to emerging areas across Africa and the Americas.