A medical doctor, often called a physician or medical practitioner, is a healthcare professional dedicated to promoting and restoring health through the study, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases and injuries. Their practice uniquely blends rigorous academic disciplines, such as anatomy and physiology (the "science" of medicine), with practical applied skills (the "art" of the profession). Doctors may specialize in specific areas or provide comprehensive care as general practitioners (GPs) for individuals, families, and communities.
Notably, the term "physician" carries different meanings globally; in North America, it broadly refers to all medical practitioners holding a professional medical degree, a definition supported by organizations like the American Medical Association (established in 1847). Conversely, in the UK and Commonwealth countries, "physician" historically denotes a specialist in internal medicine, distinguishing them from surgeons—a tradition highlighted by the London Royal College of Physicians, chartered in 1518. Regardless of regional terminology, medical ethics universally mandate that doctors demonstrate consideration, compassion, and benevolence towards their patients.