Basketball is a dynamic team sport where two teams of five players compete to score points by shooting a ball through an 18-inch (46 cm) diameter hoop mounted 10 feet (3.05 m) high. Invented in December 1891 by Canadian-American gym teacher James Naismith in Springfield, Massachusetts, the game awards two points for a standard field goal, three for shots beyond an arc, and one for free throws after fouls. Players advance the ball by dribbling or passing, executing various roles such as guards, forwards, and centers, each with specific offensive and defensive responsibilities. Now a globally popular sport, it features premier leagues like the NBA in North America and the EuroLeague internationally, alongside major tournaments such as the FIBA Basketball World Cup and the Olympic Basketball Tournament for both men and women.