Architecture

Privacy by Design (PbD), initially developed by Ann Cavoukian starting in 1995, is a proactive systems engineering approach that integrates privacy considerations throughout the entire lifecycle of products and services. The framework was formally published in 2009 and...

Architectural lighting design is a specialized field dedicated to shaping lighting systems within built environments, both interior and exterior, using a blend of daylight and electric light. This discipline masterfully balances scientific principles with visual art to ensure clear visibility and comfort, while also enhancing mood, vis...

An architectural style classifies buildings based on their distinct characteristics, including overall appearance, construction methods, materials, and regional traits. These styles are deeply connected to historical epochs (like the Renaissance), geographical locations, and broader artistic movements, often reflecting the prevailing s...

Definition and Overview of Data Architecture

Data architecture defines the guidelines for how an organization collects, stores, organizes, integrates, and utilizes data within its systems. It encompasses models, policies, rules, and standards that ensure consistent and effective data management practices. As par...

Vernacular Architecture: Defining and Understanding Non-Academic Building

Vernacular architecture refers to buildings constructed without formal academic training or professional guidance. It is a broad category encompassing a wide range of building types, methods, and historical and contemporary styles from aro...

Landscape Architecture: Designing Outdoor Spaces

Landscape architecture is the design of outdoor areas, landmarks, and structures to create desired environmental, social, or aesthetic outcomes. It involves the design and engineering of structures, investigation of existing conditions, and planning of interventio...

Renaissance Architecture

Period: Early 15th - Early 16th Centuries

Concept: Conscious revival and development of elements from ancient Greek and Roman thought and material culture.

Styles and Characteristics

Emphasized Principles: * Symmetry * Proportion...

Cape Dutch Architecture: A Distinctive Blend of Influences

Cape Dutch architecture emerged in the Western Cape of South Africa during the 17th century, influenced by Dutch, German, French, and Indonesian architectural styles. Its most recognizable feature is the grand, rounded clock gable reminiscent of Amsterda...

Rococo Architecture: An Exuberant and Refined Style

Rococo architecture, prevalent during Louis XV's reign in France (1715-1774), is characterized by its exuberant ornamentation and use of rocaille motifs, such as shells, curves, and foliage. It deviated from the symmetrical Baroque style by embracing asymmetry,...

Women in Architecture: A Historical Perspective

Women have been involved in architecture for centuries, contributing as practitioners, educators, and clients. However, the profession remained largely male-dominated until the late 19th century.

Early Pioneers

Finland was the first c...

History of Architectural Firms:

Throughout history, architects played a significant role in designing and constructing buildings. However, it was only in the 19th century that architecture became a full-time profession. Charles Bulfinch and Henry Hobson Richardson are prominent early architects who established t...

Ancient Chinese Urban Planning

Chinese urban planning emerged from a rich tapestry of cultural beliefs, societal structures, and technological advancements. Key factors shaping its development included:

• Fengshui and astronomy: The alignment of buildings and cities with celestial obj...