Gangsta rap, initially called "reality rap," emerged in the late 1980s as a hip-hop subgenre that vividly portrayed the culture, values, and experiences of urban gangs and street life. Pioneers like Schoolly D, with his 1985 track "P.S.K. What Does It Mean?", and Ice-T, who released "6 in the Mornin'" in 1986, were instrumental in shaping its foundational sound and themes, later influencing groups such as N.W.A. The genre skyrocketed to mainstream popularity in 1992, propelled by record producer Dr. Dre, rapper Snoop Dogg, and their distinctive G-funk sound.
Despite its success, gangsta rap has faced persistent accusations of promoting criminality, misogyny, and materialism. However, defenders argue that the lyrics serve as artistic depictions of harsh realities in American ghettos or voice rage against social oppression and police brutality, often accusing critics of hypocrisy and racial bias.